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Mahatma Gandhi: A Symbol of Nonviolence and India's Struggle for Independence

Christian Barnes

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Great Soul: Mahatma Gandhi and His Struggle with India

by Joseph Lelyveld

4 out of 5

Language	:	English
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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, fondly known as Mahatma Gandhi, was a towering figure in the Indian independence movement and a prominent advocate of nonviolent civil disobedience. His philosophy, known as Satyagraha, played a pivotal role in India's struggle for freedom from British rule.

Early Life and Education

Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, Gujarat, India. His father, Karamchand Gandhi, was the chief minister of the Porbandar state, and his mother, Putlibai, was a devout Vaishnava Hindu. Gandhi's early life was shaped by the principles of truthfulness, ahimsa (nonviolence),and compassion.

Gandhi's formal education began at the age of seven. He excelled in academics and later studied law in England. However, upon his return to India in 1893, Gandhi struggled to find a successful career as a lawyer.

South Africa and the Birth of Satyagraha

In 1893, Gandhi traveled to South Africa to work for an Indian law firm. During his stay in South Africa, he witnessed firsthand the racial discrimination and oppression faced by Indians. This experience profoundly influenced Gandhi's worldview and led to the development of his philosophy of Satyagraha.

Satyagraha, which means "truth force" or "soul force," is a form of nonviolent civil disobedience. Gandhi believed that through nonviolent resistance, individuals could challenge unjust laws and policies without resorting to violence.

Return to India and the Indian Independence Movement

Gandhi returned to India in 1915 and quickly became a prominent figure in the Indian National Congress, the leading political organization fighting for independence. Gandhi led a series of nonviolent campaigns, including the Champaran Satyagraha (1917),the Kheda Satyagraha (1918),and the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22).

Gandhi's nonviolent approach and his emphasis on self-reliance and economic independence resonated with millions of Indians. He became known as the "Father of the Nation" and a symbol of India's struggle for freedom.

Salt March and the Quit India Movement

In 1930, Gandhi led the famous Salt March, a nonviolent protest against the British monopoly on salt production. The Salt March galvanised the Indian population and brought international attention to the cause of Indian independence.

During World War II, Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement in 1942, demanding an end to British rule. Gandhi and other leaders were arrested and imprisoned, but the movement continued to gain momentum.

Partition of India and Assassination

India gained independence from British rule in 1947, but it was accompanied by the partition of the country into India and Pakistan. Gandhi was deeply saddened by the violence that erupted during the partition and worked tirelessly to promote peace and unity.

On January 30, 1948, Gandhi was assassinated by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist. Gandhi's death shocked the world and India mourned the loss of its greatest leader. He is remembered as a symbol of nonviolence and a champion of truth and justice.

Legacy and Impact

Mahatma Gandhi's legacy continues to inspire people around the world. His philosophy of nonviolence has been adopted by countless individuals and movements, including Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela. Gandhi's influence extends beyond the political realm, shaping concepts of social justice, human rights, and personal ethics.

Gandhi's teachings and example continue to guide us towards a more just and peaceful world. His belief in the power of nonviolence remains an enduring testament to his unwavering commitment to truth and freedom.

Great Soul: Mahatma Gandhi and His Struggle with India

by Joseph Lelyveld

4 out of 5